How did remote sensing data help Chris Raxworthy and other scientists to discover several new species of chameleons in Madagascar? Using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites, Raxworthy and his colleagues combined the remote sensing data with field and museum data in an ecological niche model to predict the occurrences of chameleon species in Madagascar. The process of ground-truthing (through field studies in Madagascar) led to the discovery of 7 new species of chameleons—just in time to support the government of Madagascar’s attempts to triple the area it has under protection. This was a landmark discovery in the field of ecological forecasting!