Picture yourself on a volcanic island paradise surrounded by lush landscape teeming with the sounds and colors of life. Stretching as far as the eye can see is an ecosystem nourished by soil that has developed over millions of years of volcanic activity.
Volcanic eruptions are essential for allowing material that was once stored inside Earth to reach the surface. Rich and fertile volcanic soil helps to support life on Earth, but the fury and power of some eruptions can also cause devastation. That is why it is important to understand the fine balance between the advantages and limitations of living near volcanoes.
Living Near Volcanoes
When a volcano erupts, it can result in lava flows. This lava can reach over 1,000°C (1,832°F), burning almost everything in its path! However, lava does not always flow along the ground; it can also be ejected into the sky. As it cools and solidifies in the air, it can rain down boulders of volcanic rock. Heat released by eruptions can also instantly melt snow which can turn soil into mudflows that strip mountains and valleys bare. This occurred on Mount St. Helens in 1980.
Sometimes, that is just the beginning. Volcanic eruptions can also expel large amounts of ash and toxic fumes. Breathing in ash and toxic gases is sometimes the most deadly part of an eruption, and can cause lung damage or suffocation.
Volcano Preparedness
If you happen to live near a volcano or are visiting an area with volcanoes, it might be helpful to know whether the volcanoes are active, dormant, or extinct. An extinct volcano is one that will not erupt again. Dormant volcanoes show very little signs of volcanic activity, but may erupt in the future. Unlike a dormant or an extinct volcano, active volcanoes show signs that they are preparing to erupt. These include the release of steam and gas from vents, usually indicating that pressure within the volcano may be increasing due to rising levels of magma.
If you do live in an area that is known for volcanic activity, you might want to be prepared with a volcano emergency kit. Recommended items include goggles, masks, a radio, a flashlight, and plenty of extra batteries. Residents living near volcanoes should also be aware of evacuation routes and procedures.
If a Volcano Erupts
If a volcano does erupt in your area, use your radio to get information about safe evacuation routes. These routes will steer you clear of lava, mudflows, and flying rocks and debris. Before you evacuate, put on long sleeves and long pants to protect your skin. Wear goggles and cover your mouth with a wet cloth or mask to avoid breathing in toxic fumes.
Volcanic ash can also damage property. Prevent ash from entering your house by closing windows and doors, and blocking chimneys. Eruptions like these do not happen every day and are usually very rare events. However, they are unavoidable and important reminders for all to respect the beauty and awesome power of our ever-changing planet.
